Postmodernism And Its Influence On Modern Society

Postmodernism is a complex term that has tried to be describes by many different theorist in many different ways. Some say that it is so hard to define because it is an idea that emerges across and variety of disciplines. In its most basic form Postmodernism can be describes at â€Å"departure from modernism and is characterized by the self-conscious use of earlier styles and conventions, a mixing of different artistic styles and media, and a general distrust of theories† (Oxford Dictionary, 2010). So with this definition in mind we must look at modernism and the movement away from this to postmodernism. We will also look at the characteristic of postmodernism and how it is represented in the media culture. The phrase ‘postmodernism’ was used to depict a style in architecture in the early 1960’s, this style used components from the past architectural styles and combined them to create buildings. This term was coined and used by cultural and political theorist to express contemporary Western and global society, two of theorists which will be discussed is Fredric Jameson and Linda Hitcheon who have apposing views on the theory. Fredric Jameson is an American literary critic and Marxist political theorist. Jameson argues that a shift in the economic society began in the late 1960’s, and that the world is moving into a phase he calls â€Å"late capitalism.† Jameson view is that there is a link between the economic changes that has lead to a postmodern style of living, however that itShow MoreRelatedCulture and Worldviews990 Words   |  4 Pagespeople to determine how they should function in society. Traditional gender roles differ from culture to culture and evolve with time. In some cultures woman are taught to be caregivers and men providers. Girls are taught what is expected of them from their elders such as cooking and cleaning and boys are taught to do manual labor. These cultural expectations influence the way an individual views their function in society and others around them. Influences of worldviews Worldviews come in many formsRead MorePostmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism1549 Words   |  7 PagesModernism and Postmodernism To begin with, to determine the meaning of postmodernism is possible only through the relationship with modernism. Modernism in modern science is understood as a kind of cultural consciousness, which is implemented in the artistic practice of symbolism, expressionism and acmeism. In the socio-historical context, it means the period of modernism in the development of culture from the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth century, that is, from Impressionism to a new novel andRead MorePostmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism1472 Words   |  6 PagesModernism and Postmodernism are both two important eras in design. Postmodernism takes a lot of concepts from the modernism era. Both modernism and post modernism focus on Style, Social analysis, Cultural Context, Philosophy, Politics, Human experience, Machine aesthetics, and the constant transformation of the â€Å"New†. An interesting fact of the Modernism and Postmodernism is the use of the psychology and philosophy themes 1. Sub jectivity 2.History 3. Culture and 4. Theoretically divers aestheticsRead MorePostmodernism : What Is Post Modernism?1389 Words   |  6 Pagesthat remains succinct is quite ironic as postmodernism opposes the attempt to ascribe one broad meaning to any â€Å"thing†. Postmodernism has often been referred to as the destruction of the Metanarrative. Thought-out all cultural eras society has usually had a focal point in their cultures. The age of enlightenment used God, modernists used technology, postmodernism seems to have disregarded structure all together. We can only truly understand what postmodernism is if we can understand the ideas thatRead More Social Experience and the Constructed Self Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Experience and the Constructed Self In the last few decades, our culture has adopted postmodernism as the predominant model of thought, as opposed to the modernist philosophy previously held. It is important that we understand both of these theories in order to fully understand the way that technology is shaping our thinking and our identities as individuals. Stephen Frosh, in his article â€Å"Social Experience and the Constructed Self,† explains each of these philosophies in terms of theirRead MorePostmodern Concepts Influence on Museology934 Words   |  4 Pagesmuseum classifications which determine the audiences’ perspectives on exhibitions. Postmodernism is highly influential and appealing because it is avant-garde (challenging past traditions). People appreciate new concepts, especially those that challenge the concept of art. The process of curation not only considers the organisation of the exhibition but is highly influenced by conceptual frameworks, postmodernism being part of the world agen cy. Museum classifications affect different audience perspectivesRead MoreEssay about Summary and Analysis on Practices of Looking915 Words   |  4 Pagesmovements such as Realism and Cubism, the chapter draws out the history of concepts of realism in images. It analyzes the occurrence of visual knowledge, from cinematography to the Internet and how they have influenced the way images are portrayed in society. This chapter, in whole, presents an analysis of how the meanings of images have altered over time. The concepts of the mass media and the public sphere are observed in chapter five of Practices of Looking. It discusses a little about the historyRead MorePostmodernism Is An Argument For Understanding Contemporary Families1169 Words   |  5 PagesTo what extent is postmodernism useful in understanding contemporary families? There are many ways to define the word family. ‘For some it is easy to define what the family should be, namely a heterosexual conjugal unit based on marriage and co-residence.’ (Silva and Smart, 2004) Which follows on and connects with the definition that a family is a fundamental social group in society typically consisting of one or two parents and their children. (Oxford Dictionaries / English 2017) However, in today’sRead More Social Psychology Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many explanations for the origins of modern social psychology. It is therefore important to consider that social psychology cannot be traced back to one single source of origin (Burr, 2003). Hence, this is the reason why there are debates of what social psychology is. Allport (1985) described social psychology as the study an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviours which are influenced by the actual, imagines, or implied presence of others. As seen from this def inition there isRead MoreThe View of Humanity and Morality; as seen through Modern Literature725 Words   |  3 PagesModern literature is a reflection of modern society, and the ways in which humanity is valued has greatly impacted the modern age. The view of humanity is the effect of a worldview. One of the most important places in which to observe the view of humanity is in the United States. For over half of the 20th century, the US population was divided; this division was not between the states or north and south. This division was in every county, town and city. The entire nation was segregated; blacks

My View Of Computer Science Essay - 1371 Words

Experiencing childhood in a small town of India, owning a computer was only a fantasy. I used to peek through the computer lab at school to have a glimpse of computers. I remember the day as if it were yesterday when computer science was incorporated into the course curriculum. Playing a game or using a computer was nothing but a dream for me, so I immediately enrolled for this class. Throughout the course not just I get the opportunity to play games, I was instructed how to code.. The coding of games became possible through the means of utilizing the knowledge gained through the course of JAVA. This class not only changed my perspective of computers, a method of playing games but have additionally expanded my view of the digital world. As a high school student, I excelled in courses related to mathematics, physics, chemistry and computers. I was awestruck by the power of computer programming languages and the internal hardware of computers, which enabled the transfer of data from on e point to another wirelessly with the help of internet. I was constantly inquisitive to see how information can be exchanged starting with one point then on to the next with no association of wires. Owing to my natural tendency towards the software and hardware parts of the computer, engineering was a natural career choice. I pursued Engineering in Electronics and Communication as my university major at National Institute of Technology, Delhi. Throughout my undergraduate studies, I enrolled inShow MoreRelatedComputer Science As A Science1021 Words   |  5 PagesSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE Computer science spans the range from theory through programming to cutting-edge development of computing solutions. Computer science offers a foundation to adapt new technologies and new ideas. It has become one of the booming fields in the world. 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The IndianRead MoreThe Future of Computer Science Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesThe Future of Computer Science Computer Science, Software Engineering and Information Systems are international qualifications, enabling people to work globally, and in a very broad variety of roles. There is steady growth in demand for technically adept and flexible IT graduates. Declining student enrollment, while growth continues in law, medicine, biology, economics, and business; the decline among women is particularly alarming (Klawe and Shneiderman 27). Computer science is now a part ofRead MoreI Am Gained Through Philosophy, Even For The Computer Science Student1712 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough philosophy, even for the computer science student. When I first learned that this was a required course for my degree curriculum, I did not believe I would find value in taking the course. Now I am going to present my evaluation of why I have changed my mind. What is the definition of philosophy? 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While at the time it sounded to me like a salesman trying to sell me an useless product, now I understand the idea of â€Å"college is about the experience† a lot more. Now I see what that really means, and that means, at least to me, that college is a long journey of self-discovery. While learning how to program, being proficient at Math and English are crucial to my major(Computer Science)Read MoreCollege Is A Long Journey Of Self Discovery1365 Words   |  6 Pagesexperience. That’s what my ESL teacher, Mrs. Cruz, told me when I was a sophomore in high school. And she couldn’t be more right. While at the time it sounded to me like a salesman trying to sell me an useless product, now I understand the idea of â€Å"college is about the experience†. Now I see what that means, at least to me, college is a long journey of self-discovery. 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Themes in “Night” by Elie Wiesel Free Essays

THemes 1. ) Man’s inhumanity to man Removal of human looks that defined who they are * Same uniform * Cut hair to remove individuality. * â€Å"In a few seconds we had ceased to be men† 37 * â€Å"I became A-7713. We will write a custom essay sample on Themes in â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel or any similar topic only for you Order Now From then on, I had no other name†42 The harshness of the camp quickly transformed them into selfish indifferent people * â€Å"I had not even blinked, only yesterday I would have dug my nails into the criminals flesh† 39 * â€Å"you’re killing your father†101 * â€Å"The old man mumbled something, groaned and died. Nobody cared† 101 * â€Å"I shall never forgive myself. Nor shall I forgive the world for having pushed me against the wall, for having turned me into a stranger, for having awakened in me the basest, most primitive instincts. † Xii * â€Å"In this place, it is every man for himself, and you can not think of others. Not even your father. In this place there is no such thing as a father, brother, friend. Each of us lives and dies alone. † * â€Å"All of a sudden, this pleasant and intelligent young man had changed. His eyes were shining with greed† The inhumane treatment of Jews â€Å"He looked at us like a pack of leprous dogs clinging to life† 38 * â€Å"If one of us stopped for a second, a quick shot eliminated the filthy dog† 85 * â€Å"Two cauldrons of hot, steaming soup had been left untended†¦ supreme temptation â€Å"59 * â€Å"Hunger was tormenting us; we had not eaten for nearly six days† 114 * â€Å"We had been 100 or so in this wagon. Twelve of us left it† 103 * The removal of the Jew’s rights were the first sign of discrimination 2. ) Faith and Loss Loss of human life and integrity * â€Å"Those whose numbers had been noted were standing apart, abandoned by the whole world. 72 Faith in God and themselves made them stronger * â€Å"if only he could of kept his faith in God and considered this suffering as a divine test, he would not have been swept away by selection† * Have faith in life†¦ by driving out despair you will move away from death† 41 * â€Å"a prayer to this God in whom I no longer believed. Oh God master of the universe, give me the strength never to do what Rabbi Eliahu’s son has done. † * â€Å"we mustn’t give up hope, even now as the sword hangs over our heads. † Loss of faith in God made them weak â€Å"Where is God†¦ hanging here from the gallows† 65 * â€Å"My eyes had opened and I was alone, terribly alone in a world without God, without man. Without love or mercy. I was nothing but ashes now† 68 * â€Å"But as soon as he felt the first chinks in his faith, he lost all incentive to fight and opened the door to death† 77 * â€Å"I have more faith in Hitler than anybody else. He alone has kept his promises, all his promises to the Jewish people. † 81 * â€Å" I suffer hell in my soul and in my flesh†¦ how can anybody believe in this God of mercy† 3. ) Kindness in adversity Helping each other out in times of need Elie’s father made sure Elie didn’t â€Å"fall asleep forever† in the snow despite his exhaustion. Pg 88 * The French girl risked her life by saying to Elie in almost perfect German, â€Å"don’t cry. Keep your anger, your hate, for another day, for later. The day will come but not now†¦ wait. Clench your teeth and wait† * â€Å"Elie even gave his dying father extra rations, despite being told to â€Å"stop giving your ration of bread and soup too your old fatherâ⠂¬ ¦ in fact you should be getting his rations. † * Working through the struggles together see father son relationships Elie and father * â€Å"No. You’re eighteen†¦ Not fifty. You’re forty. Dou you hear? Eighteen and forty. † 30 4. ) Father/son relationship * Elie and his father * Elie’s father made sure Elie didn’t â€Å"fall asleep forever† in the snow despite his exhaustion. Pg 88 * â€Å"my father’s presence was the only thing that stopped me† 87 * â€Å"I had no right to let myself die. What would he do without me? I was his sole support. † * â€Å"Elie even gave his dying father extra rations, despite being told to â€Å"stop giving your ration of bread and soup too your old father†¦ in fact you should be getting his rations. † * Rabbi Eliahu and his son â€Å"side by side they had endured the suffering , the blows; they had waited for their ration of bread and they had prayed† pg 91 * â€Å"he had felt his father growing weaker and, believing the end was near, had thought by this separation to free himself of a burden that could dimin ish his own chance for survival. †91 * The man on the train and his son * â€Å"You’re killing your father†¦ I have bread for you too†¦ for you to† 101 5. ) Conscience/remorse/indifference Indifference * â€Å"Since my father’s death, nothing mattered to me anymore† 113 * â€Å"The old man mumbled something, groaned and died. Nobody cared† 101 * â€Å"we no longer feared death† 60 * â€Å"I was no longer arguing with him but death itself, with death that he had already chosen† 105 Manipulated conscience/Remorse * â€Å"deep inside me, if I could have searched the recesses of my feeble conscience, I might have found something like: Free at last! * â€Å"I shall never forgive myself. Nor shall I forgive the world for having pushed me against the wall, for having turned me into a stranger, for having awakened in me the basest, most primitive instincts. † Xii * â€Å"I gave him what was left of my soup. But my heart was heavy, I was aware I was doing it grudgingly† 107 6. ) Survival and death Surviving by escaping reality * â€Å"All I had to do was close my eyes to see a whole world pass before me, to dream of another life† 87 * â€Å"He was forever praying or meditating to some Talmudic question. For him it was an escape from reality, from feeling the blows† 86 Stars = Jews Conflagration = the war, destruction The idea of death * A place to rest without suffering Surviving to rebel against God/Germans * â€Å"Something inside me rebelled against that death† 88 * â€Å"We had transcended everything – death, fatigue, our natural needs. We were stronger than cold and hunger, stronger than the guns and the desire to die, doomed and rootles, nothing but numbers, we were the only men on earth† 87 * †there was no longer any reason for me to fast. I no longer accepted god’s silence. As I swallowed my ration of soup, I turned that act into a symbol of rebellion, of protest against him. † Just going through the motions and not losing hope * â€Å"There were two of us: my body and I† 85 * â€Å"Don’t think, don’t stop, run† 86 * â€Å"No one was praying for the night to pass quickly. Night was an escape from reality, a time of rest. The stars were but sparks of the immense conflagration that was consuming us. â€Å" The night was not nearly as bad as the day, only sparks of the war The Jews were just a part of the war * â€Å"Were this conflagration to be extinguished one day, nothing would be left in the sky but extinct stars and unseeing eyes. † What would happ en if the war is finished?. Unseeing eyes =The holocaust may be forgotten, people choose to not see the light of God (loss of faith) Gods light (stars) will be destroyed God has turned his back on the people Extinct stars = people losing faith in the light of God How to cite Themes in â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel, Essay examples

Ethical Leadership Ethical Environment and Culture

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Leadership for Ethical Environment and Culture. Answer: Introduction: The businessmen who are ready to stop at nothing today, hardly give a second thought when it comes to making a decision where its a choice between doing what is ethical and what is going to make money for them. The Volkswagens emission test scandal was where they installed a software in their cars that hacked the car emission test and made the cars pass the test even though the emission from the vehicle was far above the optimum required level. Another alarming revelation happened in Australia where its largest convenience store chain 7 eleven was found to be using illegal work practices and underpaying its employees to save costs and exploiting the young foreign workers. These cases highlight the rampant practices of dishonesty, fraudulent practices, exploitation, illegal activities, merciless profiteering and ethical malpractices (Rhodes, 2015). What is common among both these cases is that the decisions were well thought out and willingly taken. The decision makers had a fair idea about what was happening and these were not mistakes but pre decided choices that they made. In both cases, they made the choice to make money rather than caring about the compliance to the standards or doing what was ethically correct. The Volkswagen tampered with the emission tests using a software that was installed in the car (Ferguson Toft, 2015). This happened for seven long years and wasnt a one-time choice or a hasty decision that was taken. The German car manufacturing company continued to install this software and play with the emissions test for seven long years until they were caught. The 7 eleven was also going on for years before the workers let out their franchisee practices and illegal ways of working. In both these organizations, the cheating and unethical practices have resulted in huge profit margins. Volkswagen became the worlds biggest car manufacturer in the year 2009, the exact year when this scam was started. 7 eleven has been working profitably and has been awarded with the franchisor of the year prize twice (Ross, 2015). The wage fraud and the exploitation of the workforce resulted in low operational costs of the store and increased profits for both the franchisee owners and the organization. A professor of Management and Organizational Studies at Macquarie University, Carl Rhodes has said that it is a mistake to think that businesses can be ethical. Although the statement enraged the business houses and the people collectively at that time, these cases prove just that. These were two organizations with mass following and people studied their business structure and operations. They were considered successful companies with mass following. There are business people who are meticulous about the ethical standards and take pride in adhering to the business ethics (James, 2016). Organizations like Volkswagen and 7 eleven drag everyone down with themselves. Ethical behavior is not incompatible with corporate logic. The tainted reputation and bad publicity that these scandals have brought to these organizations is very little when compared to the profits that they made by being unethical. The organizations took the easy way and minted money until they were caught. The organizations that were enormous in size and had thousands of employees working for them who were aware of what was going on got away with this for so long (Somers, 2001). It was not just the organizations, but also the workers who decided to stay quiet knowing completely well what was going on and what was unethical. It is a failure in business ethics and failure of the society as an ethical group. It shows that the corporate houses and manufacturing organizations cannot be given the liberty to make the decisions related to business ethics and ethical functioning of the organizations. As in the above cases, the organizations will always choose their own business interests and profit margins with little consideration of what is eth ically or socially right or is an environmentally viable option. On the contrary, the organizations will try to find the easiest way out with little to no consideration about the ethical and morally responsible thing to do. These scandals are living examples of how the malpractices can cause damage to the business functions and their goodwill. Volkswagen had to recall million of the faulty cars and the loss of reputation along with loss of sales had made the organization hapless. The CEO of Volkswagen resigned and the 6.5 billion Euros that the organization earned through the scam will all be used up in the remanufacturing and restructuring the organization (James, 2016). The wage scandal of 7 eleven caused the chairman of the organization Russ Withers and their CEO Warren Wilmot to resign. The new CEO had to face the wrath of the disgruntled employees and franchisee owners and public dissent. Both these revelations were a collective work of scientists, NGOs, academics, media, politicians and the public and it was not just one heroic individual that came to the rescue of the distressed world. These cases are termed as a victory of the society over the unethically functioning business houses. These incidents can be considered a victory of ethical work environment. They will forever be touted as the living examples of how important the organizations ethical choices are and how their adherence is a must. They are also and eye openers for the corporate houses who think that they can get away with the practice that are profitable for the business, but ethically wrong and the monetary and non-monetary damage that they can cause to the organizations working. Instances like these promote morally responsible behavior and can serve as a wakeup call to the organizations involved in ethically reprehensible actions and practices and influence their decision making process. Ethics significance in context of leadership The leaders who lead with dignity and treat everyone with trust and respect are defined as ethical leaders. In order to lead effectively and instill trust for the organization in the minds of the customers, leaders and other team members, it is necessary that the leaders lead with ethics and moral dignity. Creating a culture of ethics is very important as we have studied the cases of Volkswagen and understand the repercussions of not adhering to the same. Ethical leaders have efficient functioning, trustworthy workforce, organizational harmony and a tremendous impact on the people associated with the organization in any form. Creating an ethical environment is a mammoth task that unlike the general implementations begins from the top (Freeman, 2006). The ethics focused culture has to begin by adoption of ethical practices of the leaders as the first step. Once the leaders have it figured out and have the commitment to ethics and ethical culture clear in their mind, the next step is t o communicate it to the rest of the team. It may be a tedious and time consuming process, but once done the impact of this is long lasting and will result in the holistic growth of the organization. Employees of any organization are ready to accept the ethical ways of working when they are explained to them in a clear and unambiguous manner. Ethical environment is the one where every decision taken is fair, encouraging and supporting to not just the customers, but also to their own employees. Ethical working needs consistent commitment, it is not a one time process or decision and is definitely not an easy option when there are easier and profitable options that are more tempting (Mihelic Lipicnik, 2010). The moral principles are made to guide a person in day to day life, in the same way the ethical directives help the organizations set a code of conduct for both the leaders and the employees. Ethics are the standards that help the leaders make decisions in their day to day life. The ethics affect the day to day working of the organization and give them the guidelines to follow. Although the ethical code of conduct for an organization is common for all the employees right from the top management to the leaders to the subordinate employees and service staff, but the implementation and the application of these begins at the top of the organization. The leaders led the way for the employees with their ethical behavior and decisions and the rest of the organization follows their lead. Leaders are considered the role models of the organization and it is their responsibility to make ethical standards the way of life for the organization as a whole (Butts, 2012). The ethics and ethical code of conduct for an organization has to be practiced in every part and function of the organization right from hiring the employees to their training, performance, performance management, mentoring and employee engagement (Nath, 2009). The results of ethical leadership are profound and all the studies performed in these areas have proved this. A lot of researches have established that practicing ethical leadership in the organization leads to higher job satisfaction and employee engagement levels. The organizations practicing ethical leadership have been found to have lower employee turnover and more sense of belongingness among the employees. The ethical conduct of the leaders makes the organization and the employees more trusting and the employees are proving to have higher ethical standards as well. The employees are attracted to and fond of the leaders who support them, encourage fair treatment in the organization and are ethically reliable. There is no denying the fact that the leaders who work ethically are always in demand and are sought for by organizations and employees alike. Their ways of working not only make the employees happy, but are also profitable for the organizations in the long run. The workpla ces now-a-days are constantly evolving and becoming an employee centric. The organizational working is becoming more transparent and collaborative and there is an increase in demand for the leaders who have their ethics and moral principles in place (Kokemuller, 2015). Ethical leadership, although looks very attractive from the outside, the intricacies involved in practicing ethical leadership are huge. It means choosing the right thing to do always and at every step. It may even mean standing against the odds and sometimes even against the peers for what is the correct thing to do. Ethical leadership involves knowing the core values that a person and the organization stand for and having the courage to live by these values in the personal and professional parts of life. It means leading in a way that honors every individual and ensures they get what is rightfully theirs (Nijhof Olaf Fisscher, 1997). For very long time, the expectations from a leader were to get as much work done from their subordinates as possible and make a profit for the organization and result in higher productivity, but with the changing times the outlooks as well as the expectations from the leaders are changing. Good leadership is not limited to competence and productivity but also to the ethical conduct that transforms the way of working of an organization and the lives of its employees and the customers. Ethical leaders ensure the carrying out of ethical practices in the organization. Leaders are the people who hold the position of power on the job and off duty as well (Education, 2016). They influence their followers and make them perform in the planned manner and complete the tasks designated for them. Effective leaders are also responsible for stimulating attitudinal change within the organization and influence the processes to make them more efficient while adhering to the organizational code of conduct. They amplify the environment of the organization and make them self reliant decision makers. Ethical leaders are also found to be nurturers and supporters and are therefore respected and admired by the employees even more (Sadler, 2011). How can organizations environment become more ethical The ethical behavior and code of conduct of an organization is a much talked about topic. Most of the organizations are however still clueless as to how to implement and encourage a culture of ethical conduct within the organization. Many business organizations treat the ethical code of conduct as a sermon that has to be delivered in the organization. When it comes to ethics, it becomes difficult not to preach, but preaching alone will only make no difference (Buren, 2010). The organization and its leaders need to lead by example and show the employees how things can be done effectively while adhering to the ethical conduct. A good ethical behavior is a reflection of smart business practices. This is the reason why the organizations today are inclined towards ethics and ethical standards (Trevio Weaver, 2006). The bedrock of ethical behavior in an organization lies on certain values that are common for all the organizations irrespective of their nature of operations. The first and most important value is respect. All organizations run on the principle of mutual respect. The organization needs to respect itself as well as the stakeholders. The employees need to respect the organization and their leaders and the leaders need to have respect for their subordinates and the organizational values. Training and coaching of the employees is a must but mutual respect acts as a catalyst to the organizational working. This will help the leaders and the management and the need for micro management will disappear (Elango, et al., 2010). The organization must not hire or perform business with the people they do not respect and the employees must not work for an organization that they do not believe in or respect. The next value that fosters ethical environment is an honor. The organization must honor go od performers and value them. The organizations generally have a policy to reward the top performers, but it is also important to go beyond the sales figures and reward the people who put in hard work and show exemplary behavior ethically. The people who have contributed to the success of the organization. These people must be honored and motivated to promote such behavior even more. Integrity is another value that must be promoted for ethical behavior in the organization. It is important for the people in the organization to know the importance of integrity (E Fox, 2013). The employees must not cheat, steal or lie and always work with integrity towards themselves and towards the organization. It is necessary to allow them the space to own up to a mistake that they have done, but it is also important to understand that integrity is not something that can be developed in a day. It is a value that a person either has or doesnt and having people who do not possess this value will diminish trust in the leaders and the organization. The employees must be taught to treat others as they would like to be treated. They must not sell the organizations values short and must always adhere to the code of ethical conduct for the organization. The employees and the organization should always be customer oriented. No doubt the primary purpose of every organization is to make and maximize the profit, but the organizations are in business only because of their customers. This is one point that no person should ever forget. Without the customers, the company is nothing. If the organization is not providing the customers what they are asking for there is no point to that company. Being customer focused reinforces the responsibility that the organization has towards the customers and gives the directives to the employees as well. Customer orientation is important for the organ ization as the company failing to implement it not only risks the breach of the ethical code of conduct but also risk the long term health of the organization. Another point that the companies must focus on is result orientation. The organization must focus on the results and work on achieving them by following the organizational values The aim of the companys functioning must not be the results achievement but the efforts that people put in to achieve them (Elango, et al., 2010). An ideal ethical leader would first establish the goals and expected results for the employees and then support and guide them to achieve the same. This will only happen if the employees have trust in their leaders and respect for them. The leaders must provide feedback to the employees and results must not be numbers, but benchmarks and lessons for the future and goals to be achieved in the present. All great organizations are made of people who have a passion for what they are doing. The organizations who perform the best are not the ones with the highest paid employees, but the employees who are driven by excitement and thrill and want to make a difference in the organization and the world. If the passion is missing within the employees, they will put in minimal efforts and this attitude is highly infectious. Thus it is important to keep challenging the workforce and keep them engaged and excited about the work to be done. Persistence is also an important factor that contributes t o the ethical working. The employees must have a will to persist and keep going even when it gets tough. The leaders have to put in a lot of efforts to keep the fuel alive in the employees and constantly guide them in making the organization ethically driven. References Buren, J., 2010. Ethical Leadership, s.l.: Noonmark Nonprofit Services, Available at: https://www.uvm.edu/sites/default/files/ethical_leadership_factsheet.pdf Butts, J., 2012. Ethics in leadership and organizations, Available at: https://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763749761/EthicalLeaderhip.pdf Fox, E., 2013. 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